| Visceral reflex arc |
1. receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. integration (CNS) 4. motor neuron 5.
effector |
| ANS |
portion 4. motor neuron to the organs (ANS) |
| somatic efferent vs. ANS |
# neurons: somatic efferent has 1 neuron with myelinated axon vs ANS
which has 2 neurons; neurotransmitters: acetylcholine vs. acetylcholine
and norepinephrine |
| 1st neuron of ANS |
pre-ganglionic neuron, cell body in S.c or brain |
| 2nd neuron of ANS |
ganglionic neuron, cell body in ganglion, synapse w/ targe
cells/organ. |
| ANS division |
Sympathetic - T1-L2 and Parasympathetic - craniosacral div. |
| sympathetic |
fight or flight, preganglionic neurons cell bodies in lat. horn, axons
in ventral root. post ganglionic neurons long, branching and in all spinal
nerves. neurotransmitters: preganglionic: acetylcholine; postganglionic:
norepinephrine |
| 3E's |
emergency, excitement, excercise |
| parasympathetic |
normal maintenance, rest and digest. |
| location of sympathetic ganglia |
sympathetic trunk ganglia, prevertebral ganglia and adrenal medulla
|
| Symp. trunk ganglia - note: to sacrum not just t1-L2 |
next to vertebral column, all connnected, white rami communicans =
ventral rami to ganglion, synapse in ganglion, gray rami communicans =
ganglion to ventral rami |
| sym. trunk extension - ganglia - heart |
inferior cervical ganglion = stellate ganglion |
| main inegration of ANS func |
hypothalamus |
| higher affects on hypothalamus |
limbic system, and cerebral cortex - frontal lobe = thoughts, |
| Symp. funcs. reaction, note that parasym. funcs have the exact
opposite reaction. |
Increase dilation in: heart rate, respiratory rate, bronchioles, iris,
blood vessels - mm., adrenal medulla (makes norepinephrin), arrector pili,
sphincters (incr contraction), DECR: blood vessels - skin, digestive func,
urinary bladder. |
| Erection, ejaculation are Para. or Sym? |
Parasympathetic ! |
| mand 1st and max 1st primary molars resemble |
nothing in permanent dentition |
| mand first primary molar has |
prominent transverse ridge |
| mand first primary molar has most unique |
buccal cervical bulge or ridge |
| max first primary molar most resembles |
premolar |
| primary mand 2nd molar |
all three buccal cusps same size |
| primary mand 1st molar, |
4 cusps, transverse ridge, 2 roots |
| primary max 2nd molar |
replaced by permanent 2nd PM, |
| primary max 1st molar |
replaced by permanent 1st PM, 2 cusps (MB, ML), 3 roots very
divergent, without root trunk |
| primary max and mand 1st molars resemble |
nothing in the permanent dentition |
| primary max and mand 2nd molars resemble |
permanent max and mand first molars |
| mand second and max second primary molars resemble |
the mand first and max first permanent molars respectively |
