| How do infants take ribavarin to treat RSV? |
Have to inhale it. |
| What is used to prevent RSV in high risk patients? |
Immune globulin (RSVIG) w/ high titre anti-RSV antibody |
| What is used to treat RSV? |
Ribavarin |
| How is RSV transmitted? |
close physical contact: hands, fomite, close respiratory contact, very
contagious |
| RSV causes _________ respiratory tract disease, bronchiolitis, and
pneumonia. |
Lower |
| Most cases of RSV occur in __________. |
children |
| What virus? Single-stranded negative RNA, Helical Symmetry, Enveloped
|
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| When does the maculopapular rash in measles appear? |
12-24 hrs after Koplik's spots |
| Symptoms of what disease? High fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
(runny nose), photophobia, maculopapular rash |
Measles |
| What are the oral lesions that are associated with measles called? |
Koplik's Spots: enanthem (lesions on the mucous membranes) in the
mouth |
| T or F: Measles is totally eradicated. |
False; still major killer of child. In developing countries |
| What is the incubation period for measles? |
10-14 days |
| How is measles spread? |
respiratory droplets |
| Measles are especially contagious in the ________ period _______ the
rash. |
2-3 day; prior to |
| Measles occur primarily in _________. |
children |
| What on the measles virus causes cell fusion and giant cell formation,
allowing the virus to pass from cell to cell and escape antibodies? |
Surface glycoprotein (Fusion; F) |
| What virus? Single-stranded negative RNA, Helical Symmetry, Enveloped
|
Measles (paramyxovirus) |
| T or F: HIV drugs can be combined to increase effectiveness. |
TRUE |
| What is any drug that ends in "VIR"? (ie Saquinavir, Amprenavir, etc.)
|
Protease inhibitor |
| What do protease inhibitors do? |
inhibit production of mature, infectious virus particles, indirectly
block RT because RT is not cleaved and remains inactive |
| Which stages of the replication cycle, early or late, do protease
inhibitors inhibit? |
Late stages |
| What are the Non-nucleoside RT inhibitors? |
Nevirapine, Delavirdine, Efavirenz (these attach to RT and inhibit its
action) |
| What is any drug that ends in "INE"? (ie Zacitabine, didanosine,
Zidovadine, etc.) |
An inhibitor of RT |
| How has resistance developed in AZT? |
mutations in RT |
| What is the difference in the way AZT uses enzymes as compared to
Acyclovir? |
AZT is activated by CELLULAR enzymes, while acyclovir is activated by
VIRALLY ENCODED enzymes. |
| AZT has ____ fold affinity for RT than cellular DNA. |
one hundred |
| What is AZT (zidovadine, ZDV, Retrovir)? |
Thymidine analog, inhibits RT |
| What does the drug Enfuvirtide do? |
inhibits gp41-mediated fusion (fusion inhibitor) |
| What is the purpose of protease (in regards to HIV) |
required by virus to process precursor proteins; required to
reinitiate infection |
| What enzymes are targets for HIV chemotherapy? |
RT, Integrase, Protease |
| How is HIV released after final assembly has taken place? |
budding |
| T or F: HIV is good at manipulating hosts proteins. |
TRUE |
| What are the 6 key steps to HIV replication? |
1) Synthesis of a DNA(-) complementary to the genomic RNA (by RT); 2)
Digestion of the RNA strand of the RNA/DNA hybrid (by Rnase H); 3)
Syntheis of the complementary strand (+) of the viral DNA (by RT); 4)
Integration of the ds linear DNA molecule into the host genome (by
integrase) 5) Synthesis of essential viral proteins and viral genomic
positive strand RNA are directed by the integrated DNA genome; 6) Final
stages of Replication--produce infections virions |
| What two critical things must HIV have packaged together? |
The positve RNA template and Reverse Transcriptase |
| What is Reverse Transcriptase (RT)? |
a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase capable of synthesizing a negative
strand DNA molecule from the positive strand RNA template. |
| T or F: Host cells lack reverse transcriptase (RT…cold in here? Sorry
chase) |
TRUE |
| T or F: HIV has one positive strand of RNA and one Negative strand of
RNA. |
False; has two separate strands of positive RNA |
| What is syncytia? |
When HIV fuses to uninfected cells, forms multinucleated cells (giant
cells) |
| Is HIV infection a Lytic infection or persistent? |
Both. Causes a Lytic infection in CD-4 T-cells, but low level
persistent infection in macrophage lineage cells |
| The viral tropism for HIV is for _____________________. |
CD-4 expressing T-cells, macrophages |
| T or F: HIV infection only can occur if the virus is transferred via a
transport (ie. already within another cell, macrophage, lymphocyte, etc.).
|
False; infection with free virus also occurs. |
| How is HIV transmitted? (think magic johnson and Paul) |
Sex and blood |
| What is the terminal stage of an HIV infection? |
AIDS |
| What effect does the initial immune response have on HIV infection?
|
Restricts viral infection but contributes to pathogenesis |
| What primary infection results in mononucleosis-like syndrome? |
HIV |
| Regarding HIV infection, what is the purpose of the GENOMIC RNA? |
To serve as a template for the synthesis of viral DNA |
| What Virus? Positive single-stranded RNA (diploid), Icosahedral
capsid, Enveloped, Reverse Transcriptase (RT): RNA-dependent DNA
polymerase |
HIV |
| T or F: There are antivirals that effectively treat SARS. |
FALSE |
| T or F: Most SARS patients normally develop pneumonia. |
TRUE |
| As a symptom of SARS, about 10-20% of people also have ________. |
diarrhea cha cha cha |
