| What is the first symptom of SARS? |
High fever (> 100.4 F), then headaches, discomfort, body aches |
| How are coronaviruses (SARS) spread? |
Aerosols and large droplets |
| What is SARS-CoV? |
a coronavirus |
| T or F: SARS virus is localized to upper respiratory tract |
TRUE |
| What virus is associated with SARS? |
coronavirus |
| What virus? Helical, single strand positive RNA, enveloped |
Coronavirus |
| What can you use to treat HCV? |
Interferon alpha, and ribavarin |
| T or F: There is no vaccine for HCV. |
TRUE |
| T or F: HCV can be managed by antivirals. |
FALSE |
| What 3 types of disease can HCV cause? |
Acute (15%), Chronic (70%, 20-40% progress to cirrhosis & liver
failure), Rapid cirrhosis (15%) (5% develop cancer after 30 years) |
| T or F: HCV can be asymptomatic |
TRUE |
| How is HCV transmitted? |
blood (ie needlesticks) |
| There are how many people infected w/ HCV in the US? |
4 million (1 in 70-100) Numbers baby. |
| What is the #1 cause of liver transplantations in the US? |
HCV |
| What virus? Icosahedral capsid, enveloped, positive single-stranded
RNA, Acquire envelope by budding into intracellular vesicles, not at the
cell surface |
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) |
| What oral manifestations can HPV have? |
oral benign epithelial tumors |
| Which serotypes of cervical cancer are caused by HPV? |
16 and 18 |
| T or F: HPV can be treated with antivirals |
FALSE |
| What is the incubation period for HPV? |
3 months to years |
| What could happen if you just so happen to ACCIDENTALLY aspirate
cervico-vaginal secretions infected with HPV? |
Laryngeal disease |
| How is HPV transmitted? |
contact |
| T or F: Genital warts and non-genital warts are the same type of HPV
|
False; they differ |
| What virus? Non-enveloped icosahedral capsid, Double stranded circular
DNA, Replicates in the nucleus |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Name the antiviral: Guanosine analog, takes advantage of thymidine
kinase (TK) and DNA polymerase to inhibit viral replication |
Acyclovir |
| T or F: Only select few of the stages of viral replication could be a
target for antiviral therapy. |
False; theoretically any stage could |
| T or F: Herpes has a seasonal incidence |
FALSE |
| What is required for resolution of herpes? |
cell-mediated immunity (limited role for antibodies) |
| How does herpes avoid antibodies? |
by cell to cell spread (syncytia) |
| What causes herpes to reactivate? |
stress; immune suppression |
| How is herpes transmitted? |
direct contact (saliva, vagina, lesion fluid) |
| What is the common name of the beta subfamily of herpes? |
cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
| What are the 2 common names of the gamma subfamily herpes? |
Epstein Barr Virus, Kaposi's sarcoma |
| What are the 3 common names of the alpha subfamily herpes? |
HSV 1, HSV 2, Varicella-Zoster (VZV) |
| Where does Herpes double-stranded DNA replicate? |
In the Nucleus |
| In herpes, What does the last cycle of mRNA transcript encode for? |
The viral structural proteins. (goes thru 2 or 3 cycles of
transcription first) |
| Herpes uses the host cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase to synthesize
________. |
mRNA |
| Which herpes is specific for either B or T Lymphocytes? |
Gamma |
| Which herpes readily establishes carrier cultures? |
Beta |
| Which has a longer reproductive cycle? Alpha or beta herpes? |
Beta |
| Where does the gammaherpes establish latency? |
Lymphoid tissue |
| Where does the betaherpes establish latency? |
secretory glands, lymphoreticular cells, kidneys, and other tissues
|
| Where does the alphaherpes establish latency? |
Primary sensory ganglia |
| List the herpesvirinae groups in order of most variable host range to
most limited host range. |
Alpha (most variable), Beta, Gamma(most limited |
| Name the 3 subfamilies of Herpesviradae: |
1. Alphaherpesvirinae; 2. betaherpesvirinae; 3. gammaherpesvirinae |
| What virus? Large, Enveloped icosahedral capsid, Double-stranded
linear DNA, Replicates in the nucleus. |
Human Herpesviruses |
| Retroviruses and all major groups of DNA viruses EXCEPT ____________
are associated with the pattern of pathogenesis ____________. |
parvoviruses; transformation |
| Which pattern of viral pathogenesis? The abnormal growth of cells
resulting from the continuous expression of one or more viral genes;
cancer. |
Transformation |
| Which pattern of viral pathogenesis? Only one involving prions (no
known viruses cause this type of infection). |
Slow chronic w/out acute infection |
| Which pattern of viral pathogenesis? Follows acute infection, infected
cell survives resulting in low level persistent viral production. |
Chronic infection |
| T or F: Latent infection viruses (Ie HSV) can cause a productive
infection in some cells while simultaneously are latent in other cells |
True; (ie epithelial cells & neuronal tissue for HSV) |
