| decrease # of neutrophils |
Neutropenia |
| decrease # of platelets |
thrombocytopenia |
| T or F: most of the iron released from destroyed red blood cells (in
the spleen) is lost. |
False; most is reutilized |
| 60-80% of total body iron is stored in circulating red blood cells,
the rest is bound to __________ and is stored as __________. |
ferritin; hemosiderin |
| What form is iron stored as in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow? |
hemosiderin |
| What molecule stores iron? |
ferritin |
| What enzyme transports iron? |
transferrin |
| Iron is absorbed via a receptor mechanism in its _______ form. |
free |
| Iron is absorbed in the intestine in the ______ form. |
heme |
| Iron is a component of the _______ moiety of hemoglobin. |
Heme |
| What part of filtered hemoglobin is converted into blirubin? |
Pyrrole Rings |
| Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by _______________. |
Low hemoglobin values |
| Which portion of hemoglobin is the binding portion? |
Heme portion |
| Adult hemoglobin has __ globin peptides, __ alpha and __ beta. |
4; 2; 2 |
| This accounts for 90% of the dry weight of the RBC. |
Hemoglobin |
| RBC formation requires these three specific nutrients. |
Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 |
| RBC formation is stimulated by ________ which is produced in the
kidney. |
Erythropoeitin |
| This cell has an average life span of 120 days, biconcave disk shape,
thin center. |
Red Blood Cell |
| Most growth factors (ie interluekins) are produced in the bone marrow.
Which one is the exception and where is it formed? |
Erythropoeitin, Kidney |
| Mature blood cells are descendants of pluripotent hematopoietic stem
cells. Two major cell lineages are formed. What two are they and what do
they give rise to? |
Lymphoid and Myeloid lineages; Lymphoid -->B and T lymphocytes;
Myeloid --> erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, neutrophils, monocytes,
eosinophils, basophils. |
| If hematopoetic bone marrow is destroyed, ___________ _________ may
resume in the _______, _______, and _________ _______. |
extramedullary hematopoiesis; spleen, liver, lymph nodes |
| ____________ hematopoesis subsides after birth and the __________
_______ remains the primary blood-forming organ. |
Extramedullary; Bone Marrow |
| Hematopoeisis occurs in ____________ in the bone marrow of flat bones
only. |
Adults |
| Hematopoesis occurs in ____________ in the bone marrow (flat and long
bones), the thymus and lymph nodes? |
Children |
| Hematopoesis occurs in __________ in the liver, bone marrow, spleen
and lymph nodes? |
Fetus |
| What makes up plasma? |
Water and proteins |
| What percent of plasma is water? |
92% |
| What cells are contained in blood? |
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets |
| What two things make up the composition of blood? |
Plasma (55%) and Cells (45%) |
| What disease? Marked underdevelopment, chronic anemia, jaundice,
multiple organ infarcts, severe bone, spleen pain, intellectual
impariment, recurrent infection, heart failure |
sickle cell anemia |
| The onset of symptoms for SC anemia first appear at what age? |
one-two years (when HbF is usually replaced by HbA) |
| In Sickle cell anemia, RBC's are _________ sickled if they are
deoxygenated, and they are _________ sickled if HbS polymerizes. |
reversibly, irreversibly |
| this disease characterized by abnormal Hemoglobin (HbS) that
polymerizes at LOW O2 tension; induced by: fever, acidosis, dehydration,
hypoxia. |
sickle cell anemia |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common among what population? |
blacks |
| What type of anemia: inherited, point mutation, Hb beta chain, N6
point mutation, result=abnormal hemoglobin |
sickle cell anemia |
| Spherocytosis is what class of abnormal hematopoiesis? |
Structural protein defects |
| Sickle cell anemia and thallassemia are what class of abnormal
hematopoiesis? |
hemoglobinopathies |
| T or F: Folic acid sups can be taken orally. |
true (vit b12 CAN'T) |
| spina bifida, anencephaly are associated w/ what? |
Folic Acid Deficiency |
| What symptom does vit b12 def have that folic acid def. Doesn't? |
nuerologic abnormalities (the rest are essentially the same) |
| the medications dilantin, methotrexate, and 5-FU (yes that's F. U.)
are causes of what? |
Folic Acid Deficiency |
| What tx modifications should you take when treating a pt. W/ vit b12
deficiency? |
avoid nitrous (depletes b12 further) |
| What is the a common finding in both folic acid def. And vit b12 def.?
|
megaloblastic anemia |
| What is the second cause of Vit B12 deficiency? |
Malabsorbtion (stomach resection, celiac disease, crohn's disease) |
| What disease: spinal cord neuropathy associated, also could be
associated with autoimmunity to parietal cells |
pernicious anemia |
| T or f: vit b12 deficiency can be corrected with oral supplementation
of vit b12 |
false; must be injected |
| The most common cause of B12 deficiency anemia |
pernicious anemia |
| Lack of intrinsic factor causes what? |
pernicious anemia |
| What does Vit. B12 bind to? |
intrinsic factor |
| Symptoms of this include: immature megaloblasts released into
circulation; decreased RBC formation, Macrocytic anemia, hypersegmentation
of neutrophils. |
Vit. B12 deficiency (Cobalamin) |
